Correlation
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What does it mean?
Correlation summarizes the direction and strength of association between two variables. Pearson correlation measures linear association on a scale from −1 to +1. A value near zero does not rule out every kind of relationship.
Think through an example.
An everyday example
Ice cream sales and swimming both increase in summer. A shared factor, such as temperature, can explain their association.
Test your understanding.
True or false?
A strong correlation alone proves cause and effect.
Make the next connection
Explore related concepts to deepen your understanding.
Sources and further reading
Explore the foundations and methodological details in these resources. Examples on this page were created for illustration.
- OpenStax Source in EnglishThe Correlation Coefficient r